Download E protein is a type 1 transmembrane protein able to form pentamers creating pores with ion transport activity. E protein localizes mainly in the ER and Golgi apparatus, where it participates in assembly, budding and intracellular trafficking of newly formed virions. E protein is involved in tight junctions disruption in the lungs to reach […]
Download Membrane (M) protein is the most abundant of all coronavirus structural proteins. M protein main functions are membrane curvature initiation, RNA packing and viral particle budding. Besides, M protein has been linked to apoptosis, suppression of inflammatory responses and IFN signaling. Most of the variation between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 M occurs in the cytoplasmic […]
Download ORF6 localizes in the perinuclear and endoplasmic reticulum. ORF6 is known to interact with the viral proteins ORF9b and nsp8, suggesting ORF6 may play a role in virus replication. Besides, ORF6 has been associated with impairing the activation of IFN signaling and membrane rearrangements. SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 proteins are 68.85% identical, with most […]
Download ORF7a is a type I transmembrane protein, localized mainly in ER, Golgi apparatus and in the cell surface. ORF7a is able to prevent virus tethering at the plasma membrane by BTS-2. Further in vitro experiments showed that ORF7a is able to induce apoptosis in a caspase dependent manner. ORF7a protein is very conserved between […]
Download This accessory protein is an integral transmembrane protein and it localizes in the cis- and trans- Golgi. MSARS-CoV-2 ORF7b is 81 % identical to SARS-CoV-1 ORF7b. All substitutions are found in the terminals, being the transmembrane helix fully conserved. Narrative ORF7b is a small accessory protein expressed in SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infected cells with […]
Download ORF8 is one of the most variable among SARS-CoV-1. Remarkably, 29 nucleotide N-terminal sequence has gone under gradual deletion during SARS-CoV-1 spread in humans. Early tests showed a decrease in viral replication by up to 23-fold when this sequence was removed. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 is 127 amino acids long and 45% identical to SARS-CoV-1 ORF8b. […]
Download Nucleocapsid (N) protein packages the viral RNA into a helical ribonucleocapsid and plays a key role in viral assembly. SARS-CoV-2 N protein is a 419 amino acid long protein and is 89% identical to SARS-CoV-1 nucleocapsid. The RNA binding domain of N is located at the N-terminal and all these residues are fully conserved […]
Download ORF9 is an accessory protein synthesized from an alternative reading frame in the N gene. At mitochondrial level, ORF9 promotes suppression of the activation of INF regulatory factors and NF-κB. ORF9 forms a symmetric dimer where the monomer interactions resemble a handshake. Dimer assembling creates a hydrophobic tunnel that can accomodate a long fatty […]
Download Within SARS-COV-2, ORF10 is thought to not have any functional protein purpose as it was not found within sub genomic mRNA sequencing. In another study, ORF10 might hijack components of the ubiquitination machinery and degradation. ORF10 of SARS-COV-2 is the last and the shortest predicted coding sequence upstream of the poly-A tail. ORF10 is […]
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